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APPROVED FOODS
Irradiation is performed on foods to achieve improved food safety through microbial control, pest control, and extension of shelf life (preservation). Some of the more scientific terminology involved with food and its processing with X-radiation follow.
GLOSSARY- A log reduction is a reduction in numbers of
bacteria by 90% ) i.e., a reduction from a million
to 100,000 bacteria). A five-log reduction
would be a drop from 100,000 bacteria to
just one bacterium.
AgSCAN successfully reduced the pencillium digitatum fungus on citrus to better than log reduction.
Mutagenicity - causing changes in the genetic
materials of an organism.
X-radiation disrupts the large DNA molecule which prevents cell replication (splitting).
Palmitic acid - is a common, natural fatty acid found in animal fats.
AgSCAN successfully recondition avocado pulp to remove listeria monocytogenes without producing rancid oils (oxidation).
Pathogens - bacteria and other micro organisms that cause disease.
Eliminating food borne pathogens is a major objective for x-radiating foods.
Radiolytic - chemical molecules produced when high energy
X-rays are absorbed when directed into food. Most are very unstable
molecules called free radicals that quickly react with other molecules
to produce a normal, stable molecule. Free radicals may cause
damage to cells.
Radiolytic molecules are very unstable molecules, and are nearly identical to theromlytic molecules formed in cooking foods. X-radiation produces far less of these molecules than is produced in cooking, canning and freezing foods.
Toxicology - the study of toxins (poisons) and their treatment.
No known toxins are created with X-radiation of foods when applied as authorized and proved safe absorbed dose.
TABLE 1. APPROVED USES OF IRRADIATION FOR FOODS
Product
|
Approved Dose
kGy*
|
Purpose
|
Agency
|
Approval Year
|
LOW DOSE < 1.0 KgY
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
Wheat, flours
|
0.2 - 0.5
|
Insect control
|
FDA
|
1963
|
White potatoes
|
0.05 -0.15
|
Inhibit sprouting
|
USDA
|
1964
|
Pork
|
0.3 - 1.0
|
Control trichinellae
|
FDA
|
1985
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Fresh Fruit
|
1.0 max
|
Insect control (post harvest)
|
USDA
|
1986
|
Fresh vegetables
|
1.0 max
|
Insect control (post harvest)
|
USDA
|
1986
|
MEDIUM DOSE
1.0 - 10.0 KgY
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
Poultry,fresh frozen
|
3.0 max
|
Microbial control
|
FDA
|
1990
|
Meat, uncooked chilled
|
4.5 max
|
Microbial control
|
FDA
|
1997
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Eggs, fresh
|
3.0 max
|
Salmonella control
|
USDA
|
2000
|
Meat, uncooked, frozen
|
7.0 max
|
Microbial control
|
FDA
|
1997
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Seeds for sprouting
|
8.0 max
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Microbial control
|
FDA
|
2000
|
Dehydrated enzymes
|
10.0 max
|
Microbial control
|
FDA
|
1986
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HIGH DOSE
11.0 - 45.0 KgY
|
 |
 |
 |
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Herbs
|
30.0 max
|
Microbial contrrol
|
FDA
|
1986
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Spices
|
30.0 max
|
Microbial control
|
FDA
|
1986
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Vegetable seasonings
|
30.0 max
|
Microbial control
|
FDA
|
1986
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Meat, packaged, frozen
|
44.0 max
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Sterilization**
|
FDA
|
1995
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Animal feeds, pet foods
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2.0 - 25.0
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Salmonella control
|
FDA
|
1995
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* kGy is a unit of measure for absorbed x-ray dose.
** This dose is set for food used by NASA space flights.
SOURCE: Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition, Irradiated Foods. Food Technology 52(1), pp56-62 1998 (subsequent)
( e-mail info@agscan.net (805) 528-1492
AgSCAN Inc. 2006
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